@font-face { font-family: "Cormorant Garamond"; font-weight: 500; font-style: normal; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/cormorant-garamond-latin-500-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; }
@font-face { font-family: "Cormorant Garamond"; font-weight: 500; font-style: normal; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/cormorant-garamond-latin-ext-500-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0100-024F, U+1E00-1EFF, U+02B0-02FF; }
@font-face { font-family: "Cormorant Garamond"; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/cormorant-garamond-latin-600-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; }
@font-face { font-family: "Cormorant Garamond"; font-weight: 600; font-style: normal; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/cormorant-garamond-latin-ext-600-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0100-024F, U+1E00-1EFF, U+02B0-02FF; }
@font-face { font-family: "Cormorant Garamond"; font-weight: 500; font-style: italic; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/cormorant-garamond-latin-500-italic.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; }
@font-face { font-family: "Cormorant Garamond"; font-weight: 500; font-style: italic; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/cormorant-garamond-latin-ext-500-italic.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0100-024F, U+1E00-1EFF, U+02B0-02FF; }
@font-face { font-family: "Inter"; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/inter-latin-400-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; }
@font-face { font-family: "Inter"; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/inter-latin-ext-400-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0100-024F, U+1E00-1EFF, U+02B0-02FF; }
@font-face { font-family: "Inter"; font-weight: 500; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/inter-latin-500-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; }
@font-face { font-family: "Inter"; font-weight: 500; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/inter-latin-ext-500-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0100-024F, U+1E00-1EFF, U+02B0-02FF; }
@font-face { font-family: "Inter"; font-weight: 600; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/inter-latin-600-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; }
@font-face { font-family: "Inter"; font-weight: 600; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/inter-latin-ext-600-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0100-024F, U+1E00-1EFF, U+02B0-02FF; }
@font-face { font-family: "Noto Nastaliq Urdu"; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/noto-nastaliq-urdu-arabic-400-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0600-06FF, U+0750-077F, U+0870-08FF, U+200C-200F, U+2010-2011, U+204F, U+2E41, U+FB50-FDFF, U+FE70-FEFF; }
@font-face { font-family: "Noto Nastaliq Urdu"; font-weight: 600; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/noto-nastaliq-urdu-arabic-600-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0600-06FF, U+0750-077F, U+0870-08FF, U+200C-200F, U+2010-2011, U+204F, U+2E41, U+FB50-FDFF, U+FE70-FEFF; }
/* Jameel Noori Nastaleeq: uses the reader's installed copy if present, otherwise a subset
   containing exactly the letter shapes this site's Urdu text needs (rebuilt on each publish). */
@font-face { font-family: "Jameel Noori Nastaleeq"; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-display: swap;
  src: local("Jameel Noori Nastaleeq"), local("JameelNooriNastaleeq"), url("../fonts/jameel-noori-nastaleeq-subset.woff2") format("woff2"); }
@font-face { font-family: "Amiri"; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap;
  src: url("../fonts/amiri-arabic-400-normal.woff2") format("woff2");
  unicode-range: U+0600-06FF, U+0750-077F, U+0870-08FF, U+200C-200F, U+2010-2011, U+204F, U+2E41, U+FB50-FDFF, U+FE70-FEFF; }

/* ==========================================================================
   Turāth House — design system v2 ("The Reading Room")
   Organising idea: a research library you enter three ways — by century,
   by subject, by source — where every claim shows its evidence.
   Palette: Deep Navy #0B1D2D · Warm Gold #C9A84C · Ivory #F4EFE6
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
  --navy: #0B1D2D;
  --navy-2: #10273B;
  --navy-3: #173349;
  --gold: #C9A84C;
  --gold-ink: #8A6D22;      /* gold that passes contrast on ivory */
  --gold-soft: rgba(201,168,76,.28);
  --ivory: #F4EFE6;
  --paper: #FBF8F2;
  --ink: #1B2430;
  --ink-2: #4A5563;
  --rule: #DCD3C2;
  --est: #2F6B4F;   /* established */
  --trad: #8A6D22;  /* tradition */
  --disp: #9A3B2E;  /* disputed */
  --serif: "Cormorant Garamond", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans: "Inter", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  --ar: "Amiri", "Noto Naskh Arabic", serif;
  --ur: "Jameel Noori Nastaleeq", "Noto Nastaliq Urdu", serif;
  --wrap: 1200px;
  --radius: 2px;
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink);
  font: 400 1rem/1.65 var(--sans);
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
a { color: inherit; }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--gold); outline-offset: 3px; }
[lang="ar"] { font-family: var(--ar); }
[lang="ur"] { font-family: var(--ur); line-height: 2.05; }
.skip { position: absolute; left: -999px; top: 0; background: var(--gold); color: var(--navy); padding: .6rem 1rem; z-index: 100; }
.skip:focus { left: 1rem; }
.wrap { max-width: var(--wrap); margin-inline: auto; padding-inline: clamp(1.1rem, 4vw, 2.5rem); }

h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.12; margin: 0; letter-spacing: -.005em; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5.4vw, 4.4rem); }
h2 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.6vw, 3rem); }
h3 { font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2vw, 1.7rem); }
p { margin: 0 0 1rem; }

.kicker {
  font: 600 .72rem/1.3 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .18em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--gold-ink); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .7rem; margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.kicker::before { content: ""; width: 28px; height: 1px; background: currentColor; }
.on-dark .kicker { color: var(--gold); }

.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .55rem; padding: .85rem 1.35rem;
  font: 600 .9rem/1 var(--sans); text-decoration: none; border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: background .2s, color .2s, border-color .2s;
}
.btn-gold { background: var(--gold); color: var(--navy); }
.btn-gold:hover { background: #D8BA62; }
.btn-line { border-color: currentColor; }
.btn-line:hover { background: var(--navy); color: var(--ivory); border-color: var(--navy); }
.on-dark .btn-line:hover { background: var(--ivory); color: var(--navy); border-color: var(--ivory); }
.link { font: 600 .9rem var(--sans); color: var(--gold-ink); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gold-soft); padding-bottom: 2px; }
.link:hover { border-color: var(--gold-ink); }
.on-dark .link { color: var(--gold); }

/* ---------- Header ---------- */
.topbar { background: var(--navy); color: rgba(244,239,230,.72); font: 500 .76rem/1 var(--sans); letter-spacing: .03em; }
.topbar .wrap { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; min-height: 34px; gap: 1rem; }
.topbar a { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }
.topbar a:hover { color: var(--gold); }
.topbar .motto { font-family: var(--serif); font-style: italic; font-size: .95rem; letter-spacing: 0; }
.topbar nav { display: flex; gap: 1.2rem; }

.masthead { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 50; background: rgba(251,248,242,.96); backdrop-filter: blur(8px); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.masthead .wrap { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2rem; min-height: 78px; }
.brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .8rem; text-decoration: none; color: var(--navy); margin-inline-end: auto; }
.brand img { width: 46px; height: 46px; }
.brand b { display: block; font: 600 1.5rem/1 var(--serif); }
.brand span { display: block; font: 400 1rem/1.4 var(--ur); color: var(--gold-ink); margin-top: 2px; }
.mainnav ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; gap: 1.7rem; }
.mainnav a { text-decoration: none; font: 500 .93rem var(--sans); color: var(--ink); padding: .4rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; }
.mainnav a:hover, .mainnav a[aria-current] { border-color: var(--gold); color: var(--navy); }
.lang { font: 400 1.05rem/1 var(--ur); text-decoration: none; color: var(--navy); border: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: .55rem .8rem .7rem; }
.lang:hover { border-color: var(--gold); }
.menu-toggle { display: none; background: none; border: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: .55rem .8rem; font: 600 .85rem var(--sans); color: var(--navy); }

/* ---------- Hero ---------- */
.hero { position: relative; background: var(--navy); color: var(--ivory); overflow: hidden; }
.hero::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; opacity: .07;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='120' height='120' viewBox='0 0 120 120'%3E%3Cg fill='none' stroke='%23C9A84C' stroke-width='1'%3E%3Cpath d='M60 10 L74 46 L110 60 L74 74 L60 110 L46 74 L10 60 L46 46 Z'/%3E%3Crect x='32' y='32' width='56' height='56' transform='rotate(45 60 60)'/%3E%3Crect x='32' y='32' width='56' height='56'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='60' cy='60' r='12'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  background-size: 120px;
}
.hero::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: radial-gradient(ellipse at 80% 40%, rgba(201,168,76,.12), transparent 60%), linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 60%, rgba(0,0,0,.25)); }
.hero .wrap { position: relative; z-index: 1; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.15fr .85fr; gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 5rem); align-items: center; padding-block: clamp(4rem, 9vw, 7.5rem); }
.hero h1 { color: #fff; }
.hero h1 em { font-style: italic; color: var(--gold); }
.hero .lede { font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.5vw, 1.2rem); color: rgba(244,239,230,.82); max-width: 36rem; margin: 1.4rem 0 2rem; }
.hero .actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .8rem; }
.hero .verse { margin-top: 3rem; padding-top: 1.4rem; border-top: 1px solid rgba(201,168,76,.3); display: flex; gap: 1.2rem; align-items: baseline; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.hero .verse [lang="ar"] { font-size: 1.6rem; color: var(--gold); }
.hero .verse span { font: italic 500 1.1rem var(--serif); color: rgba(244,239,230,.75); }
.hero .verse cite { font: 500 .78rem var(--sans); font-style: normal; color: rgba(244,239,230,.55); letter-spacing: .04em; }

/* the folio: a manuscript-page preview of how every article is built */
.folio {
  background: var(--ivory); color: var(--ink); padding: 1.6rem; position: relative;
  box-shadow: 0 30px 60px -20px rgba(0,0,0,.55); transform: rotate(-.6deg);
}
.folio::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 9px; border: 1px solid var(--gold); pointer-events: none; }
.folio::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 13px; border: 1px solid var(--gold-soft); pointer-events: none; }
.folio-in { position: relative; z-index: 1; padding: 1rem 1rem .6rem; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 34%; gap: 1.1rem; }
.folio .tag { grid-column: 1 / -1; font: 600 .66rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold-ink); }
.folio h3 { grid-column: 1 / -1; font-size: 1.55rem; color: var(--navy); }
.folio .body p { font: 400 .86rem/1.6 var(--sans); color: var(--ink-2); margin-bottom: .7rem; }
.folio mark { background: none; border-bottom: 2px solid; padding-bottom: 1px; color: var(--ink); }
.folio mark.est { border-color: var(--est); }
.folio mark.trad { border-color: var(--trad); }
.folio mark.disp { border-color: var(--disp); }
.folio .margin { border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-inline-start: .9rem; font: 400 .72rem/1.45 var(--sans); color: var(--ink-2); }
.folio .margin p { margin-bottom: .8rem; }
.folio .margin b { display: block; font-weight: 600; color: var(--navy); }
.folio .foot { grid-column: 1 / -1; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: .7rem; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; font: 500 .7rem var(--sans); color: var(--ink-2); }

/* evidence grades: the site's signature */
.grades { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .4rem 1rem; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; font: 500 .74rem var(--sans); }
.grades li { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .4rem; }
.grades li::before { content: ""; width: 14px; height: 3px; background: currentColor; }
.g-est { color: var(--est); } .g-trad { color: var(--trad); } .g-disp { color: var(--disp); }
.on-dark .g-est { color: #7FC3A0; } .on-dark .g-trad { color: var(--gold); } .on-dark .g-disp { color: #E39A8C; }

/* ---------- Pledge strip ---------- */
.pledge { background: var(--ivory); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.pledge .wrap { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }
.pledge .wrap > div { padding: 1.6rem 1.4rem; border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.pledge .wrap > div:first-child { border-inline-start: 0; padding-inline-start: 0; }
.pledge b { display: block; font: 600 1.15rem var(--serif); color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: .2rem; }
.pledge span { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--ink-2); }

/* ---------- Sections ---------- */
.section { padding-block: clamp(4rem, 8vw, 6.5rem); }
.section.alt { background: var(--ivory); }
.section-head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; align-items: end; gap: 1.5rem 3rem; margin-bottom: 2.8rem; }
.section-head p { max-width: 40rem; color: var(--ink-2); margin: .9rem 0 0; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.on-dark .section-head p { color: rgba(244,239,230,.75); }
.dark { background: var(--navy); color: var(--ivory); }
.dark h2, .dark h3 { color: #fff; }

/* ---------- Centuries (timeline) ---------- */
.eras { position: relative; }
.eras-track { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(8, minmax(170px, 1fr)); gap: 0; overflow-x: auto; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; padding-bottom: .5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--navy); }
.era { scroll-snap-align: start; padding: 1.3rem 1.1rem 1.4rem; border-inline-end: 1px solid var(--rule); position: relative; min-height: 330px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.era:last-child { border-inline-end: 0; }
.era::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: -6px; inset-inline-start: 1.1rem; width: 11px; height: 11px; background: var(--paper); border: 2px solid var(--navy); transform: rotate(45deg); }
.era.has::before { background: var(--gold); border-color: var(--gold-ink); }
.era .dates { font: 600 .72rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .08em; color: var(--gold-ink); margin: .5rem 0 .35rem; }
.era h3 { font-size: 1.3rem; color: var(--navy); }
.era .ur { font: 400 .98rem/1.9 var(--ur); color: var(--ink-2); display: block; margin-top: .2rem; }
.era ul { list-style: none; margin: auto 0 0; padding: 1rem 0 0; display: grid; gap: .55rem; }
.era li a, .era li span { display: block; font: 500 .82rem/1.35 var(--sans); text-decoration: none; padding: .5rem .6rem; border-inline-start: 2px solid var(--gold); background: #fff; color: var(--ink); }
.era li a:hover { background: var(--navy); color: var(--ivory); }
.era li small { display: block; font-weight: 400; font-size: .72rem; color: var(--ink-2); margin-top: .15rem; }
.era li a:hover small { color: rgba(244,239,230,.7); }
.era li span { border-color: var(--rule); color: var(--ink-2); background: transparent; }
.era li .badge { display: inline-block; font-size: .62rem; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold-ink); }
.eras-note { margin-top: 1rem; font-size: .82rem; color: var(--ink-2); display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.eras-note i { font-style: normal; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .4rem; }
.eras-note i::before { content: ""; width: 9px; height: 9px; transform: rotate(45deg); border: 2px solid var(--navy); }
.eras-note i.has::before { background: var(--gold); border-color: var(--gold-ink); }

/* ---------- Subjects ---------- */
.subjects { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1px; background: var(--rule); border: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.subject { background: var(--paper); padding: 2rem 1.8rem; text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink); display: grid; grid-template-columns: 44px 1fr; gap: .4rem 1.1rem; transition: background .2s; }
.subject:hover { background: #fff; }
.subject svg { grid-row: span 3; width: 44px; height: 44px; stroke: var(--gold-ink); fill: none; stroke-width: 1.3; }
.subject h3 { font-size: 1.45rem; color: var(--navy); }
.subject .ur { font: 400 .95rem/1.8 var(--ur); color: var(--gold-ink); }
.subject p { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--ink-2); margin: .2rem 0 0; }

/* ---------- Featured research ---------- */
.feature { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.2fr .8fr; gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4.5rem); align-items: start; }
.feature-main h3 { font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3vw, 2.6rem); color: var(--navy); margin: .3rem 0 1rem; }
.feature-main h3 a { text-decoration: none; }
.feature-main h3 a:hover { color: var(--gold-ink); }
.feature-main .stand { font: italic 500 1.3rem/1.5 var(--serif); color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 1.2rem; }
.byline { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .3rem 1.2rem; font: 500 .8rem var(--sans); color: var(--ink-2); padding-block: .9rem; border-block: 1px solid var(--rule); margin-bottom: 1.4rem; }
.byline b { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 600; }
.ledger { border: 1px solid var(--rule); background: #fff; margin: 1.6rem 0; }
.ledger h4 { font: 600 .72rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink-2); padding: .9rem 1.1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.ledger ol { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ledger li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 110px 1fr; gap: 1rem; padding: .85rem 1.1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font-size: .9rem; }
.ledger li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.ledger .grade { font: 600 .72rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.cite { background: var(--ivory); border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--gold); padding: 1rem 1.2rem; font-size: .82rem; color: var(--ink-2); }
.cite b { display: block; font: 600 .7rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: .35rem; }
.upcoming h4 { font: 600 .72rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink-2); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.upcoming ol { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; counter-reset: up; }
.upcoming li { counter-increment: up; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2.2rem 1fr; gap: .2rem .8rem; padding: 1.05rem 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.upcoming li::before { content: counter(up, decimal-leading-zero); font: 500 1.05rem var(--serif); color: var(--gold-ink); grid-row: span 2; }
.upcoming b { font: 600 1.2rem/1.2 var(--serif); color: var(--navy); }
.upcoming span { font-size: .84rem; color: var(--ink-2); }
.upcoming em { font-style: normal; font-size: .68rem; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold-ink); margin-inline-start: .4rem; }

/* ---------- Documentaries ---------- */
.film { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .95fr 1.05fr; gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4rem); align-items: center; }
.poster { position: relative; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid rgba(201,168,76,.35); }
.poster img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.poster::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 45%, rgba(11,29,45,.92)); }
.poster figcaption { position: absolute; z-index: 1; inset: auto 1.4rem 1.3rem; }
.poster [lang="ur"] { font-size: 2.1rem; color: var(--gold); line-height: 1.8; }
.poster small { display: block; font: 500 .75rem var(--sans); color: rgba(244,239,230,.7); letter-spacing: .06em; }
.film h3 { font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 2.5rem); margin: .4rem 0 1rem; }
.film p { color: rgba(244,239,230,.8); }
.parts { list-style: none; margin: 1.6rem 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid rgba(244,239,230,.15); }
.parts li { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; padding: 1rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(244,239,230,.15); }
.parts b { font: 500 1.15rem var(--serif); color: #fff; }
.parts span { font-size: .78rem; color: rgba(244,239,230,.6); }
.reels { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1rem; margin-top: 3.5rem; }
.reel { border: 1px solid rgba(201,168,76,.25); padding: 1.3rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .3rem; text-decoration: none; transition: border-color .2s, background .2s; }
a.reel:hover { border-color: var(--gold); background: var(--navy-2); }
.reel small { font: 600 .66rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); }
.reel b { font: 500 1.35rem var(--serif); color: #fff; }
.reel span { font-size: .86rem; color: rgba(244,239,230,.7); }

/* ---------- Translation specimen ---------- */
.translation { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .85fr 1.15fr; gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4.5rem); align-items: start; }
.translation ul { padding-inline-start: 1.1rem; color: var(--ink-2); }
.translation li { margin-bottom: .45rem; }
.translation li::marker { color: var(--gold-ink); }
.specimen { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.specimen header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; padding: .9rem 1.2rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); font: 600 .7rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink-2); }
.specimen .row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 90px 1fr; gap: 1rem; padding: 1.2rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); align-items: baseline; }
.specimen .row:last-of-type { border-bottom: 0; }
.specimen .row > small { font: 600 .66rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold-ink); }
.specimen [lang="ar"] { font-size: 1.65rem; line-height: 1.9; color: var(--navy); }
.specimen [lang="ur"] { font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 2.2; color: var(--ink); }
.specimen .en { font: italic 500 1.2rem/1.5 var(--serif); }
.specimen footer { padding: .8rem 1.2rem; background: var(--ivory); font-size: .78rem; color: var(--ink-2); border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }

/* ---------- Standard ---------- */
.method { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--navy); margin-bottom: 3rem; }
.method li { list-style: none; padding: 1.4rem 1.3rem 0 0; }
.method li b { display: block; font: 500 2.4rem/1 var(--serif); color: var(--gold-ink); margin-bottom: .6rem; }
.method h3 { font-size: 1.3rem; color: var(--navy); margin-bottom: .4rem; }
.method p { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--ink-2); }
.method { padding: 0; }
.rules { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1px; background: var(--rule); border: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.rules div { background: var(--paper); padding: 1.3rem 1.4rem; }
.rules b { font: 600 1.1rem var(--serif); color: var(--navy); display: block; margin-bottom: .2rem; }
.rules span { font-size: .88rem; color: var(--ink-2); }
.motto-band { text-align: center; font: italic 500 clamp(1.4rem, 2.6vw, 2rem) var(--serif); color: var(--navy); margin-top: 3rem; }
.motto-band span { color: var(--gold-ink); }

/* ---------- Letters ---------- */
.letters { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 3rem; align-items: center; }
.channels { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: .8rem; }
.channels a { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 1rem 1.2rem; border: 1px solid rgba(201,168,76,.3); text-decoration: none; font: 500 .95rem var(--sans); color: var(--ivory); }
.channels a:hover { border-color: var(--gold); background: var(--navy-2); }
.channels a small { color: rgba(244,239,230,.55); font-size: .78rem; }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.footer { background: #07131E; color: rgba(244,239,230,.7); padding-block: 4rem 2rem; font-size: .9rem; }
.footer .cols { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.6fr 1fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 2.5rem; }
.footer .about img { width: 64px; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.footer h4 { font: 600 .7rem var(--sans); letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.footer ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: grid; gap: .5rem; }
.footer a { text-decoration: none; }
.footer a:hover { color: var(--gold); }
.footer .base { margin-top: 3rem; padding-top: 1.4rem; border-top: 1px solid rgba(244,239,230,.12); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: .8rem; }
.footer .base em { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1rem; }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .mainnav ul { gap: 1.1rem; }
  .masthead .btn-gold { display: none; }
}
@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .menu-toggle { display: inline-block; }
  .mainnav { position: absolute; top: 100%; inset-inline: 0; background: var(--paper); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); display: none; }
  .mainnav.open { display: block; }
  .mainnav ul { flex-direction: column; gap: 0; padding: .5rem clamp(1.1rem, 4vw, 2.5rem) 1rem; }
  .mainnav a { display: block; padding: .8rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .hero .wrap, .feature, .film, .translation, .letters { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .folio { transform: none; }
  .pledge .wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .pledge .wrap > div:nth-child(3) { border-inline-start: 0; padding-inline-start: 0; }
  .pledge .wrap > div { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .subjects, .rules { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .method { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
  .section-head { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .footer .cols { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .topbar nav { display: none; }
  .poster { aspect-ratio: 16 / 11; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .subjects, .rules, .reels, .channels, .pledge .wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .pledge .wrap > div { border-inline-start: 0; padding-inline-start: 0; }
  .folio-in { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .folio .margin { border-inline-start: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: .8rem 0 0; }
  .ledger li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .2rem; }
  .specimen .row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .3rem; }
  .footer .cols { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .brand span { display: none; }
  .topbar .motto { font-size: .82rem; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { html { scroll-behavior: auto; } * { transition: none !important; } }

/* ---------- refinements after visual check ---------- */
/* Jameel Noori has a small eye: set it larger than Latin text beside it */
.brand span[lang="ur"] { font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 0; }
.lang { font-size: 1.35rem; padding: .25rem .8rem .55rem; }
.era .ur { font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 2; margin-top: .1rem; }
.subject .ur { font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.9; }
/* timeline: readable columns, scroll for the rest, with an edge fade as a cue */
.eras-track { grid-template-columns: repeat(8, minmax(232px, 1fr)); scrollbar-color: var(--gold) transparent; }
.era { min-height: 0; }
.era ul { margin-top: 1rem; padding-top: 0; }
.eras::after { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 1px; bottom: .5rem; inset-inline-end: 0; width: 70px; background: linear-gradient(to left, var(--paper), transparent); pointer-events: none; }
/* evidence colours on the ivory folio, which sits inside the dark hero */
.on-dark .folio .g-est { color: var(--est); } .on-dark .folio .g-trad { color: var(--trad); } .on-dark .folio .g-disp { color: var(--disp); }
.on-dark .folio .link { color: var(--gold-ink); }
.era .ur { font-size: 1.4rem; }
.subject .ur { font-size: 1.35rem; }
.specimen [lang="ur"] { font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.1; }
.poster [lang="ur"] { font-size: 2.6rem; }
.film h2 { margin-bottom: 1.1rem; }
.poster, .folio { margin: 0; }